Responding to the public’s awareness of anthropogenic climate change, American Petroleum Institute’s (API) 1996 “Reinventing Energy: Making the Right Choices,” supported climate denial and argued for inaction. On behalf of its corporate membership comprised of oil majors, API’s interdepartmental team of economists, government affairs staffers, and “strategic communications” experts discussed public health and environmental safety […]
This 1996 document, “Shell Business Framework – coming to grips with our future, getting the best from our past,” is a part of a larger collection discovered by Jelmer Mommers of De Correspondent in a trove of internal Royal Dutch/Shell Group (“Shell”) documents. The document notes a need for change and an “increasing emphasis on […]
This document, “The Evolution of the World’s Energy Systems,” released by Royal Dutch/Shell Group’s (“Shell”) External Affairs, reflects earlier internal reports for seemingly the first time (1994 and 1995). This document is a part of a larger collection discovered by Jelmer Mommers of De Correspondent in a trove of internal Shell documents. Outlining Shell’s specific […]
This Global Climate Coalition (GCC) Internal Revenue Service Form 990 filing reflects the 1996 tax year. The industry-funded GCC opposed greenhouse gas regulations through direct engagement and collaboration with affiliated climate deniers from 1989 to 2002. Its membership spanned across the automotive, utility, manufacturing, petroleum, and mining industries. The filing shows $1,224,451 in membership dues. […]
This document details Mobil Foundation’s grants given during 1995. The statement shows that Mobil granted money to a variety of educational and civic organizations, including the University of Delaware, MIT and Woods Hole. In total, Mobil distributed over $9 million in grant money during 1995. Notable contributions include the Environmental Education Foundation of Florida, Inc. and the Carnegie […]
“Predicting Future Climate Change: A Primer” is a draft document from the Global Climate Coalition (GCC), dated December 1995. This document and others were submitted during discovery in Green Mtn. Chrysler Plymouth Dodge Jeep v. Crombie and Central Valley Chrysler-Jeep, Inc. v. Witherspoon. Covered in part by The New York Times in 2009, the full […]
This document is the Global Climate Coalition’s (GCC) 1995 “Year-End” Climate Watch Bulletin. The GCC bulletins were a part of the group’s larger mission to oppose greenhouse gas regulations and contest the scientific validity of anthropogenic climate change through direct engagement and collaboration with affiliated climate deniers. Its membership spanned across the automotive, utility, manufacturing, […]
This document is a review of the 16th Congress of the World Energy Council, which took place in Tokyo from October 8-13 in 1995. The World Energy Council (WEC) is comprised of a confidential group “of local and national energy companies, Government departments and organisations.” WEC was formed in 1923, and is “the UN-accredited global […]
The “1995 Global Scenarios” documents are an incomplete set of Royal Dutch/Shell Group’s (“Shell”) analysis of the “pre-determined … forces of globalisation, liberalisation, and technology.” A part of a larger collection maintained by Jelmer Mommers of De Correspondent in a trove of internal Shell documents, these Global Scenarios are the beginning of a longer trend […]
This is a 1995 analysis by Shell International B.V. scientist Peter Langcake of whether climate change was in fact underway and if, as some scientists were suggesting, a “signal” had been detected showing human influence on climate from temperature, weather, polar ice melt and other data. This document is a part of a larger collection […]