This testimony by Patrick Michaels, then Senior Fellow of Environmental studies at the Cato Institute, was used as expert opinion by Western Fuels Association (“WFA”) before the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission. The hearing was in St. Paul, Minnesota to determine the environmental cost of coal burning power plants in the state. Richard Lindzen, Robert Balling, […]
In this segment of the Western Fuel Association’s (WFA) 1994 annual report, the association discussed their opposition to the “madness surrounding policy prescriptions emanating from the global warming debate.” Highlighting WFA’s priorities at the time, this report defined the association’s business in two parts: “delivering coal at the lowest possible cost to our members” and […]
In this segment of the Western Fuels Association’s (WFA) 1993 annual report, WFA recounts the beginning of its relationship with climate deniers including Patrick Michaels, Robert Balling and Fred Singer. It states that as part of a “first step” by WFA management, “scientists were found” who were “skeptical about much of what seemed generally accepted […]
The 1992 video, “The Greening of Planet Earth,” was produced by the Institute of Biospheric Research (IBR) with funding from the Western Fuels Association (WFA). IBR President and climate change denier Sherwood Idso was heavily featured in the film. The production claimed that increased levels of CO2 would cause a “greening of planet earth,” a positive […]
This is an advertisement and schedule for a 1991 Cato Institute Conference titled “Global Environmental Crises: Science or Politics?”. The conference was a preemptive gathering before the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. Cato worried the upcoming Rio conference was a sign of “marching toward a new world order […]
In this section of the Western Fuel Association’s (WFA) 1991 annual report, CEO Fred Palmer and Board of Directors President Stan Bazant discussed how the coal industry should address climate change. The two leaders warned of the “huge potential impact of a lopsided global warming debate on coal-based utilities” and defended their efforts to challenge […]
This is a 1990 CV for Patrick Michaels, a known climate skeptic with longstanding financial ties to the fossil fuel industry. Michaels has been an outspoken advocate for industry interests on issues relating to emissions regulation and climate change for decades – this CV documents some of his early connections with climate-denying organizations and fuel […]
This 1989 document is a presentation given by Mobil’s former President of Research and Development, J. V. D’Ambrisi on July 19, 1989. D’Ambrisi presented to the American Petroleum Institute’s (API) Public Policy Committee regarding API’s HEGC Strategic Planning Process. HEGC is “responsible for the expenditure of API’s funds relating to health and environmental issues affecting the […]
This 1984 patent filed by Shell Oil Company for an Arctic offshore drilling structure is part of a larger collection of documents assembled by the Smoke & Fumes project of the Center for International Environmental Law. The patent demonstrates Shell’s efforts to fortify its offshore platforms for extreme ice flow in the Alaska region. Based […]
June 1, 1983 Mobil Oil Corporation status report published in the company’s environmental affairs and toxicology department discusses the atmospheric greenhouse effect, and asks the question, “is burning fossil fuels affecting world climate?” The Mobil status report notes that there are some scientists calling for actions to be made soon because of the “extremely long […]